Oxalidaceae

updated information related to Classification

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:19, 27 February 2026
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	It was initially believed that genera ''[[Dapania]]'', ''[[Averrhoa]]'', and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'' were most closely related due to the woody habit of the plants in those genera, and were placed in their own family called [[Averrhoaceae]]''. [[Oxalis]]'' and ''[[Biophytum]]'' were previously believed to be in the [[Geraniaceae\|Geranaiceae]] family{{Citation \|last=Shaw \|first=J. M. H. \|title=Oxalidaceae \|date=2023 \|work=Dicotyledons: Rosids \|pages=963–965 \|url=https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97 \|access-date=2026-02-10 \|publisher=Springer, Cham \|language=en \|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97#citeas \|isbn=978-3-030-93492-7}}. However, through molecular studies, it has been determined that these [[Genus\|genera]] make up the [[Oxalidaceae]] family, most closely related to the [[Connaraceae\|Connarceae]] family{{Cite journal \|last=Li \|first=Xiaoping \|last2=Zhao \|first2=Yamei \|last3=Tu \|first3=Xiongde \|last4=Li \|first4=Chengru \|last5=Zhu \|first5=Yating \|last6=Zhong \|first6=Hui \|last7=Liu \|first7=Zhong-Jian \|last8=Wu \|first8=Shasha \|last9=Zhai \|first9=Junwen \|date=2021-08-01 \|title=Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers \|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468265921000561 \|journal=Plant Diversity \|volume=43 \|issue=4 \|pages=281–291 \|doi=10.1016/j.pld.2021.04.004 \|issn=2468-2659}}. These families form a monophyletic group with: [[Cephalotaceae]], [[Brunelliaceae]], [[Cunoniaceae]], and [[Elaeocarpaceae]].		It was initially believed that genera ''[[Dapania]]'', ''[[Averrhoa]]'', and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'' were most closely related due to the woody habit of the plants in those genera, and were placed in their own family called [[Averrhoaceae]]''. [[Oxalis]]'' and ''[[Biophytum]]'' were previously believed to be in the [[Geraniaceae\|Geranaiceae]] family{{Citation \|last=Shaw \|first=J. M. H. \|title=Oxalidaceae \|date=2023 \|work=Dicotyledons: Rosids \|pages=963–965 \|url=https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97 \|access-date=2026-02-10 \|publisher=Springer, Cham \|language=en \|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97#citeas \|isbn=978-3-030-93492-7}}. However, through molecular studies, it has been determined that these [[Genus\|genera]] make up the [[Oxalidaceae]] family, most closely related to the [[Connaraceae\|Connarceae]] family{{Cite journal \|last=Li \|first=Xiaoping \|last2=Zhao \|first2=Yamei \|last3=Tu \|first3=Xiongde \|last4=Li \|first4=Chengru \|last5=Zhu \|first5=Yating \|last6=Zhong \|first6=Hui \|last7=Liu \|first7=Zhong-Jian \|last8=Wu \|first8=Shasha \|last9=Zhai \|first9=Junwen \|date=2021-08-01 \|title=Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers \|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468265921000561 \|journal=Plant Diversity \|volume=43 \|issue=4 \|pages=281–291 \|doi=10.1016/j.pld.2021.04.004 \|issn=2468-2659}}. These families form a monophyletic group with: [[Cephalotaceae]], [[Brunelliaceae]], [[Cunoniaceae]], and [[Elaeocarpaceae]].

	Molecular studies have yet to agree on the phylogeny of the genera within this family, however most agree that ''[[Oxalis]]'' is a [[Basal (phylogenetics)\|basal]] genus{{Cite journal \|last=Heibl \|first=Christoph \|last2=Renner \|first2=Susanne S. \|date=2012-10-01 \|title=Distribution Models and a Dated Phylogeny for Chilean Oxalis Species Reveal Occupation of New Habitats by Different Lineages, not Rapid Adaptive Radiation \|url=https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/61/5/823/1735867 \|journal=Systematic Biology \|language=en \|volume=61 \|issue=5 \|pages=823–834 \|doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys034 \|issn=1076-836X}}{{Cite journal \|last=Sun \|first=Miao \|last2=Naeem \|first2=Rehan \|last3=Su \|first3=Jun‐Xia \|last4=Cao \|first4=Zhi‐Yong \|last5=Burleigh \|first5=J. Gordon \|last6=Soltis \|first6=Pamela S. \|last7=Soltis \|first7=Douglas E. \|last8=Chen \|first8=Zhi‐Duan \|date=2016-07 \|title=Phylogeny of the Rosidae : A dense taxon sampling analysis \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12211 \|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution \|language=en \|volume=54 \|issue=4 \|pages=363–391 \|doi=10.1111/jse.12211 \|issn=1674-4918}}. Due to a lack of sampling and genetic modeling conducted on the other genera within this family, there is not much consensus on the genus phylogeny. Some studies state a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'', while others show a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Dapania]]''. These studies do agree however that ''[[Biophytum]]'' is more closely related to ''[[Averrhoa]]'', than it is to ''[[Oxalis]]''.		Molecular studies have yet to agree on the phylogeny of the genera within this family, however most agree that ''[[Oxalis]]'' is a [[Basal (phylogenetics)\|basal]] genus{{Cite journal \|last=Heibl \|first=Christoph \|last2=Renner \|first2=Susanne S. \|date=2012-10-01 \|title=Distribution Models and a Dated Phylogeny for Chilean Oxalis Species Reveal Occupation of New Habitats by Different Lineages, not Rapid Adaptive Radiation \|url=https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/61/5/823/1735867 \|journal=Systematic Biology \|language=en \|volume=61 \|issue=5 \|pages=823–834 \|doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys034 \|issn=1076-836X}}{{Cite journal \|last=Sun \|first=Miao \|last2=Naeem \|first2=Rehan \|last3=Su \|first3=Jun‐Xia \|last4=Cao \|first4=Zhi‐Yong \|last5=Burleigh \|first5=J. Gordon \|last6=Soltis \|first6=Pamela S. \|last7=Soltis \|first7=Douglas E. \|last8=Chen \|first8=Zhi‐Duan \|date=2016-07 \|title=Phylogeny of the Rosidae : A dense taxon sampling analysis \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12211 \|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution \|language=en \|volume=54 \|issue=4 \|pages=363–391 \|doi=10.1111/jse.12211 \|issn=1674-4918}}>, with a 2024 by the Board of the Botanic Garden & State Herbarium of South Australia study placing it in the [[subfamily]] [[Oxalis\|Oxalidoideae]]{{Cite journal \|last=Pillon \|first=Yohan \|last2=Crayn \|first2=Darren \|last3=Streiff \|first3=Serafin J.R. \|last4=de Vos \|first4=Jurriaan M. \|date=2024 \|title=A suprageneric classification of Oxalidales \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27429723 \|journal=Swainsona \|volume=38 \|pages=153–160 \|issn=2206-1649}}. This same study places the rest of the genera in this family in the subfamily Averrhoideae>. Due to a lack of sampling and genetic modeling conducted on the other genera within this family, there is not much consensus on the genus phylogeny. Some studies state a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'', while others show a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Dapania]]''. These studies do agree however that ''[[Biophytum]]'' is more closely related to ''[[Averrhoa]]'', than it is to ''[[Oxalis]]''.

	The currently accepted phylogeny by the Royal Botanic Gardens Tree of Life shows the phylogeny of '''[[Oxalidaceae]],''' as seen below{{Cite journal \|last=Zuntini \|first=Alexandre R. \|last2=Carruthers \|first2=Tom \|last3=Maurin \|first3=Olivier \|last4=Bailey \|first4=Paul C. \|last5=Leempoel \|first5=Kevin \|last6=Brewer \|first6=Grace E. \|last7=Epitawalage \|first7=Niroshini \|last8=Françoso \|first8=Elaine \|last9=Gallego-Paramo \|first9=Berta \|last10=McGinnie \|first10=Catherine \|last11=Negrão \|first11=Raquel \|last12=Roy \|first12=Shyamali R. \|last13=Simpson \|first13=Lalita \|last14=Toledo Romero \|first14=Eduardo \|last15=Barber \|first15=Vanessa M. A. \|date=2024-05 \|title=Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms \|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07324-0 \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=629 \|issue=8013 \|pages=843–850 \|doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0 \|issn=1476-4687}}.		The currently accepted phylogeny by the Royal Botanic Gardens Tree of Life shows the phylogeny of '''[[Oxalidaceae]],''' as seen below{{Cite journal \|last=Zuntini \|first=Alexandre R. \|last2=Carruthers \|first2=Tom \|last3=Maurin \|first3=Olivier \|last4=Bailey \|first4=Paul C. \|last5=Leempoel \|first5=Kevin \|last6=Brewer \|first6=Grace E. \|last7=Epitawalage \|first7=Niroshini \|last8=Françoso \|first8=Elaine \|last9=Gallego-Paramo \|first9=Berta \|last10=McGinnie \|first10=Catherine \|last11=Negrão \|first11=Raquel \|last12=Roy \|first12=Shyamali R. \|last13=Simpson \|first13=Lalita \|last14=Toledo Romero \|first14=Eduardo \|last15=Barber \|first15=Vanessa M. A. \|date=2024-05 \|title=Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms \|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07324-0 \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=629 \|issue=8013 \|pages=843–850 \|doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0 \|issn=1476-4687}}.

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:19, 27 February 2026
Line 34:		Line 34:
	It was initially believed that genera ''[[Dapania]]'', ''[[Averrhoa]]'', and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'' were most closely related due to the woody habit of the plants in those genera, and were placed in their own family called [[Averrhoaceae]]''. [[Oxalis]]'' and ''[[Biophytum]]'' were previously believed to be in the [[Geraniaceae\|Geranaiceae]] family{{Citation \|last=Shaw \|first=J. M. H. \|title=Oxalidaceae \|date=2023 \|work=Dicotyledons: Rosids \|pages=963–965 \|url=https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97 \|access-date=2026-02-10 \|publisher=Springer, Cham \|language=en \|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97#citeas \|isbn=978-3-030-93492-7}}. However, through molecular studies, it has been determined that these [[Genus\|genera]] make up the [[Oxalidaceae]] family, most closely related to the [[Connaraceae\|Connarceae]] family{{Cite journal \|last=Li \|first=Xiaoping \|last2=Zhao \|first2=Yamei \|last3=Tu \|first3=Xiongde \|last4=Li \|first4=Chengru \|last5=Zhu \|first5=Yating \|last6=Zhong \|first6=Hui \|last7=Liu \|first7=Zhong-Jian \|last8=Wu \|first8=Shasha \|last9=Zhai \|first9=Junwen \|date=2021-08-01 \|title=Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers \|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468265921000561 \|journal=Plant Diversity \|volume=43 \|issue=4 \|pages=281–291 \|doi=10.1016/j.pld.2021.04.004 \|issn=2468-2659}}. These families form a monophyletic group with: [[Cephalotaceae]], [[Brunelliaceae]], [[Cunoniaceae]], and [[Elaeocarpaceae]].		It was initially believed that genera ''[[Dapania]]'', ''[[Averrhoa]]'', and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'' were most closely related due to the woody habit of the plants in those genera, and were placed in their own family called [[Averrhoaceae]]''. [[Oxalis]]'' and ''[[Biophytum]]'' were previously believed to be in the [[Geraniaceae\|Geranaiceae]] family{{Citation \|last=Shaw \|first=J. M. H. \|title=Oxalidaceae \|date=2023 \|work=Dicotyledons: Rosids \|pages=963–965 \|url=https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97 \|access-date=2026-02-10 \|publisher=Springer, Cham \|language=en \|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_97#citeas \|isbn=978-3-030-93492-7}}. However, through molecular studies, it has been determined that these [[Genus\|genera]] make up the [[Oxalidaceae]] family, most closely related to the [[Connaraceae\|Connarceae]] family{{Cite journal \|last=Li \|first=Xiaoping \|last2=Zhao \|first2=Yamei \|last3=Tu \|first3=Xiongde \|last4=Li \|first4=Chengru \|last5=Zhu \|first5=Yating \|last6=Zhong \|first6=Hui \|last7=Liu \|first7=Zhong-Jian \|last8=Wu \|first8=Shasha \|last9=Zhai \|first9=Junwen \|date=2021-08-01 \|title=Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers \|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468265921000561 \|journal=Plant Diversity \|volume=43 \|issue=4 \|pages=281–291 \|doi=10.1016/j.pld.2021.04.004 \|issn=2468-2659}}. These families form a monophyletic group with: [[Cephalotaceae]], [[Brunelliaceae]], [[Cunoniaceae]], and [[Elaeocarpaceae]].

	Molecular studies have yet to agree on the phylogeny of the genera within this family, however most agree that ''[[Oxalis]]'' is a [[Basal (phylogenetics)\|basal]] genus{{Cite journal \|last=Heibl \|first=Christoph \|last2=Renner \|first2=Susanne S. \|date=2012-10-01 \|title=Distribution Models and a Dated Phylogeny for Chilean Oxalis Species Reveal Occupation of New Habitats by Different Lineages, not Rapid Adaptive Radiation \|url=https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/61/5/823/1735867 \|journal=Systematic Biology \|language=en \|volume=61 \|issue=5 \|pages=823–834 \|doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys034 \|issn=1076-836X}}{{Cite journal \|last=Sun \|first=Miao \|last2=Naeem \|first2=Rehan \|last3=Su \|first3=Jun‐Xia \|last4=Cao \|first4=Zhi‐Yong \|last5=Burleigh \|first5=J. Gordon \|last6=Soltis \|first6=Pamela S. \|last7=Soltis \|first7=Douglas E. \|last8=Chen \|first8=Zhi‐Duan \|date=2016-07 \|title=Phylogeny of the Rosidae : A dense taxon sampling analysis \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12211 \|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution \|language=en \|volume=54 \|issue=4 \|pages=363–391 \|doi=10.1111/jse.12211 \|issn=1674-4918}}. Due to a lack of sampling and genetic modeling conducted on the other genera within this family, there is not much consensus on the genus phylogeny. Some studies state a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'', while others show a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Dapania]]''. These studies do agree however that ''[[Biophytum]]'' is more closely related to ''[[Averrhoa]]'', than it is to ''[[Oxalis]]''.		Molecular studies have yet to agree on the phylogeny of the genera within this family, however most agree that ''[[Oxalis]]'' is a [[Basal (phylogenetics)\|basal]] genus{{Cite journal \|last=Heibl \|first=Christoph \|last2=Renner \|first2=Susanne S. \|date=2012-10-01 \|title=Distribution Models and a Dated Phylogeny for Chilean Oxalis Species Reveal Occupation of New Habitats by Different Lineages, not Rapid Adaptive Radiation \|url=https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/61/5/823/1735867 \|journal=Systematic Biology \|language=en \|volume=61 \|issue=5 \|pages=823–834 \|doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys034 \|issn=1076-836X}}{{Cite journal \|last=Sun \|first=Miao \|last2=Naeem \|first2=Rehan \|last3=Su \|first3=Jun‐Xia \|last4=Cao \|first4=Zhi‐Yong \|last5=Burleigh \|first5=J. Gordon \|last6=Soltis \|first6=Pamela S. \|last7=Soltis \|first7=Douglas E. \|last8=Chen \|first8=Zhi‐Duan \|date=2016-07 \|title=Phylogeny of the Rosidae : A dense taxon sampling analysis \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12211 \|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution \|language=en \|volume=54 \|issue=4 \|pages=363–391 \|doi=10.1111/jse.12211 \|issn=1674-4918}}>, with a 2024 by the Board of the Botanic Garden & State Herbarium of South Australia study placing it in the [[subfamily]] [[Oxalis\|Oxalidoideae]]{{Cite journal \|last=Pillon \|first=Yohan \|last2=Crayn \|first2=Darren \|last3=Streiff \|first3=Serafin J.R. \|last4=de Vos \|first4=Jurriaan M. \|date=2024 \|title=A suprageneric classification of Oxalidales \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27429723 \|journal=Swainsona \|volume=38 \|pages=153–160 \|issn=2206-1649}}. This same study places the rest of the genera in this family in the subfamily Averrhoideae>. Due to a lack of sampling and genetic modeling conducted on the other genera within this family, there is not much consensus on the genus phylogeny. Some studies state a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Sarcotheca]]'', while others show a closer relationship between ''[[Averrhoa]]'' and ''[[Dapania]]''. These studies do agree however that ''[[Biophytum]]'' is more closely related to ''[[Averrhoa]]'', than it is to ''[[Oxalis]]''.

	The currently accepted phylogeny by the Royal Botanic Gardens Tree of Life shows the phylogeny of '''[[Oxalidaceae]],''' as seen below{{Cite journal \|last=Zuntini \|first=Alexandre R. \|last2=Carruthers \|first2=Tom \|last3=Maurin \|first3=Olivier \|last4=Bailey \|first4=Paul C. \|last5=Leempoel \|first5=Kevin \|last6=Brewer \|first6=Grace E. \|last7=Epitawalage \|first7=Niroshini \|last8=Françoso \|first8=Elaine \|last9=Gallego-Paramo \|first9=Berta \|last10=McGinnie \|first10=Catherine \|last11=Negrão \|first11=Raquel \|last12=Roy \|first12=Shyamali R. \|last13=Simpson \|first13=Lalita \|last14=Toledo Romero \|first14=Eduardo \|last15=Barber \|first15=Vanessa M. A. \|date=2024-05 \|title=Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms \|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07324-0 \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=629 \|issue=8013 \|pages=843–850 \|doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0 \|issn=1476-4687}}.		The currently accepted phylogeny by the Royal Botanic Gardens Tree of Life shows the phylogeny of '''[[Oxalidaceae]],''' as seen below{{Cite journal \|last=Zuntini \|first=Alexandre R. \|last2=Carruthers \|first2=Tom \|last3=Maurin \|first3=Olivier \|last4=Bailey \|first4=Paul C. \|last5=Leempoel \|first5=Kevin \|last6=Brewer \|first6=Grace E. \|last7=Epitawalage \|first7=Niroshini \|last8=Françoso \|first8=Elaine \|last9=Gallego-Paramo \|first9=Berta \|last10=McGinnie \|first10=Catherine \|last11=Negrão \|first11=Raquel \|last12=Roy \|first12=Shyamali R. \|last13=Simpson \|first13=Lalita \|last14=Toledo Romero \|first14=Eduardo \|last15=Barber \|first15=Vanessa M. A. \|date=2024-05 \|title=Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms \|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07324-0 \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=629 \|issue=8013 \|pages=843–850 \|doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0 \|issn=1476-4687}}.

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